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Plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Plant
Family

Garden
Location

Prime
Season

Marsh Marigold
Caltha palustris L.
Buttercup
Woodland (bog)
Spring
Other names and notes
(Cowslip; King's Cup). Found throughout the bog area of the Woodland Garden. One of the first splashes of green to show in the bog, followed by the brilliant yellow flowers. Flowers persist while the bog greens-up. The leaves are heart shaped with shallow teeth; basal leaves grow on long stalks, stem leaves are alternate and on short stalks. The leaves are somewhat toxic. The flowers which rise from one of the leaf stalks, have from 5 to 9 sepals and no petals. The species name means "of the swamp" - a plant of wet places. Caltha was a Latin name for Marigold. The plant can have a rebloom in the autumn. Eloise Butler first reported seeing this on Nov. 3, 1908.
Marsh Marigold
Marsh Marigold
Above: Flower images early May, below late April. Right: A seed head formed at the end of May.
Marsh Marigold Seed Head
 
Marsh Marigold
 
Notes: This plant is indigenous to the Garden area. Eloise Butler catalogued it on May 25, 1907. The raw leaves contain helleborin, which has a burning taste and is toxic, causing violent gastritis if eaten. This chemical can be removed by twice boiling. The plant is native to most counties in Minnesota except those in the dryer SW corner.  
 

 
References: Plant characteristics are generally from sources 15, 16, 30, 31, 33. Distribution principally from W2 and also 30, 33 and W1. Planting history generally from 1, 4, 11. Other sources by specific reference. See Reference List for details.  
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